How does oxytocin change social behaviour in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by differences in social interaction and restrictive and repetitive behaviour. The level of disability experienced by some people with ASD is severe.

Among all people with ASD, 70% report having a profound or severe core activity limitation, needing help or supervision to navigate communication, self-care and mobility. There are no treatments for ASD.

While applied behavioural therapy has a moderate effect on reducing the symptoms of ASD, it is time consuming, costly and not easily accessed by all. The neuropeptide oxytocin has been explored as a treatment for ASD due to its role in social bonding, however to date, significant limitations in how these compounds cross the blood brain barrier have led to lack of efficacy.